Where to dispose of construction waste? Waste disposal methods

In the process of human life, waste is constantly generated. Today the problem of their disposal is quite acute. All garbage is divided into 3 categories:

industrial: this is waste from any production that is unprofitable to reuse at a given enterprise. There are inert and toxic;
construction: which is formed during repairs, during the dismantling of buildings;
Solid waste: household waste, including broken glass, old household items no longer suitable for use, food waste.

Garbage can be regular or bulky. KGM includes items that do not fit into standard containers and exceed the dimensions of 0.5 meters in length, width or height. These are furnishings and furniture, vehicles (scooters, bicycles), old household appliances. Conventional garbage trucks are not suitable for compacting and transporting large waste. The latter take up too much space and can cause machine breakdown.

For reference: The average norm of KGO per person is 98 kg per year.

Types of construction waste

The remains remaining after construction or renovation are heterogeneous. They include several varieties:

large-sized cargo resulting from the dismantling or demolition of buildings: pieces of concrete, brick, cinder blocks, roofing material, glass, fragments of beams and reinforcement;
remnants of packaging of building materials: cardboard, film, electrical tape, paint containers, polyurethane foam;
other rubbish: cement dust, tile chips, old plaster, scraps of wallpaper.

We often encounter solid waste. But there are also liquid varieties (varnish, paint, acetone, glue). Loose materials are found mainly at the construction stage (crushed stone, gravel, sand).

Garbage after renovation: what to do with it

The updated interior pleases the eye with cleanliness and neatness. But what about the waste left after repair work? Construction waste belongs to hazard class V, that is, it is believed that it does not have a negative impact on the ecosystem. But it's not that simple. Even wood is not always harmless. Usually it is impregnated with dyes, which release harmful impurities when burned.

In addition, such rubbish is quite large. It does not fit in tanks located near houses intended for solid waste. The hydraulic system of garbage trucks simply will not lift a container that is too heavy. Therefore, it is impossible to throw waste there after construction.

Note: In the courtyard of many new buildings today, special bins for construction waste are installed. This is not the case in old houses. The bunker can be ordered with prepayment, but it is only provided for 2 hours. During this time, the container is loaded and removed.

You can take the rubbish left after renovating your apartment to the landfill. But there are several nuances here. Not every site will accept old flooring, broken bricks and other rubbish. In addition, all operations (loading, removal) will have to be carried out on our own. This is not difficult if a small volume has accumulated, but usually there is a lot of waste left. And, of course, you will have to pay for dumping waste at a landfill.

Ways to legally dispose of construction debris

Construction waste accumulated during the period of work cannot be thrown into the trash, garbage chute, or solid waste (solid waste) container without the risk of clogging them and earning a fine for violating the law.

There are several legal ways to dispose of trash:

Pickup.
Special bunker containers.
Agreement with the company.
Sale or delivery to collection points.
Contact the Housing Office.

By resorting to one of these methods, you can remove garbage from your work area without breaking the law.

Self-removal to the landfill

After major renovations, a large amount of garbage will have to be removed. You can solve the problem on your own. It is packed in plastic bags and tied well to avoid spillage. Sharp fragments of glass, ceramics, and tiles are placed in puncture-resistant packaging to prevent injury.

Self-removal is justified if you need to remove a couple of bags that will fit in a car and know where to take out packages of construction waste. To remove a large volume of leftover material, you will need a truck.

Using a special container

To collect construction waste during the construction of a new building, special large-volume containers are installed - bunkers. If the work is carried out in the area of a separate apartment, then such a container of the required size is ordered from an organization that provides waste removal services.

For example, Moscow companies began to install bins for large items, which include construction rubbish, in the courtyards of multi-story buildings.

Specialized companies

In almost every city there are organizations that provide paid services for the removal of construction waste. If repairs or construction are carried out by an enterprise under a contract, then waste removal is their responsibility.

If you decide to handle the repair work yourself, you will have to contact such a company, find out the conditions and leave a request for the work to be completed.

When building a private sector, it is more convenient to order a bunker container in advance and take all the waste into it. Workers will arrive at the agreed time and remove the filled container.

Sale and delivery to a collection point

To dispose of construction waste, they are considering selling junk. A number of organizations purchase brick and concrete waste, pieces of asphalt, soil, and sand.

They are used instead of rough backfilling of holes and ravines. The disadvantage of this method is that only large volumes of scrap are purchased. A private developer will be able to offer for purchase the soil remaining after digging the foundation.

In addition to sale, construction waste is handed over to collection points for subsequent disposal. They recycle accepted residues for recycling. The raw materials are used to make additives for road surfaces, sawdust, shavings and other items.

Contacting the Housing Office

After the “garbage” reform of 2022, you need to contact the housing company at your place of residence with an application. Housing office employees enter into agreements with organizations for the removal of bulky waste.

Attention! A large-volume bunker container is placed on a waste site, no closer than 20 meters from entrances and playgrounds.

Payment for the removal of construction debris will be included in the utility bill.

What the law says: standards for the removal of construction waste

To prevent the emergence of spontaneous landfills and reduce the negative impact on the environment, the state has developed a number of regulations. Knowing the basic rules will help you avoid unpleasant situations and penalties. Among the important documents:

Several Federal Laws. The main one is Federal Law No. 89. Contains rules for eliminating accumulations, current utility tariffs and their regulation.
“On production and consumption waste” - Model Law Art. 46. The concept of construction waste, rules for their collection, temporary storage, transportation and disposal are given.
GOST R 57678-2017. Talks about waste management, waste disposal facilities, and disposal.
Housing Code art. 154, clause 4 Federal Law No. 188, 201. Regulates the rules for handling MSW.
Government Decree No. 155 of 1997. The document was slightly modified after the adoption of PP No. 776 of 2022.

Note: Since 2016, companies involved in waste collection and removal are required to have a license. Federal Law No. 458 speaks about this (clauses 2-3). Otherwise, their activities will be considered illegal.

Hazard Class

Construction waste is characterized by a hazard class. This characteristic shows how dangerous a particular type of construction waste is to humans and the environment. There are 5 hazard classes. The table below shows the classification by hazard class of various types of construction waste.

Hazard Class	Materials	Characteristic
1-2	Liquid and solid waste containing mercury, lead, acids or alkalis, as well as radioactive materials	If it enters the human body, it can cause allergic reactions and severe poisoning. Contamination of soil and groundwater also poses a serious threat to humans and the environment. Disposal of construction waste of hazard classes 1 and 2 must be handled by specialized services with the appropriate permit
3	Fine cement, lime or gypsum polymer dust, wood waste impregnated with special compounds, acetone, solvent, etc.	Like waste with categories 1 and 2, they can cause allergies and deterioration of health, however, to a much lesser extent. Can be disposed of both by special services and privately
4-5	Brick fragments, concrete blocks, fittings, ceramic tiles, metal and plastic elements of engineering communications, linoleum	They do not pose a serious danger to humans or the environment, but they do cause a lot of clutter in the space. It may also cause serious injury. Often waste of hazard classes 4 and 5 are used as materials for rough work or are subject to recycling. There are no special requirements for disposal

Penalties

There are also irresponsible citizens who, after repairs, store garbage in the entrance, leave it near the fence of private houses, or throw it in household containers. The state imposes a ban on such actions, violation of which is subject to fines. The size of the penalty is affected by the status of the subject.

Category of persons	Amount of fine
Ordinary citizens	1-2 thousand rubles. If harm is caused to human health, the amount increases to 6 thousand.
Persons authorized by law	10-30 thousand
Individual entrepreneurs	30-50 thousand
Legal entities	100-250 thousand

The amount of the fine is determined by the police. They draw up a protocol inviting witnesses and witnesses. Payment of a fine does not relieve the culprit from the obligation to clean up the landfill he organized. If he does not do this, he will face a new fine - this time for a larger amount.

Note: The debtor is given 60 days to pay the established amount. If there is a delay, the case is sent to court, and funds are withheld from the owner's account.

What is the fine?

For violation of current regulations regarding the storage, disposal, and removal of construction waste, appropriate sanctions are imposed on individuals, officials and legal entities. The table shows the amount of fines for each category.

Persons	Amount, rub.
Physical	2000
Officials	5000
Legal	10000

Shelf life of construction waste

Legislative acts clearly regulate the deadlines. This is stated in Federal Law No. 89. Placement and accumulation of expenses is possible for 6 months. If more than six months pass, a special storage facility must be built. The storage area must meet the basic rules:

be with asphalt concrete surface;
have a slope towards the roadway;
the presence of fences is mandatory;
the presence of a canopy that protects from precipitation;
have containers where sorted trash is stored.

Garbage can be stored for 11 months. If this period is exceeded, a license is required.

Self-removal

The problem of self-removal of garbage arises among summer residents, apartment owners, and owners of private houses after renovations or major cleaning of the local area. In order to carry out independent waste removal, you need to find a landfill that accepts construction waste from the public (not all sites work with private individuals). In Moscow there are the following waste processing complexes (KPO):

"South" (Kolomna);
"Vostok" (Egoryevsk);
"North" (Sergiev Posad);
"Progress" (Roshal);
"Splender" (Silver Ponds);
"Ekograd" (Zaraisk);
"Aleksinsky quarry" (Klin);
"Don" (Kashira);
"Khrabrovo" (Mozhaisk);
"Povarovo" (Solnechnogorsk)
"Timokhovo" (Noginsk).

It is mandatory to call there in advance to find out when you can come to sign the contract. After this, all that remains is to organize the delivery of construction waste and pay for the service. As a delivery vehicle, you can use your own car with a trailer, a truck, or order special equipment with a container.

New settlers

If the construction of a residential complex is still ongoing, then some new residents take out construction waste into the contractor’s containers , provided that there is a small amount of it. If it is necessary to transport a large amount of waste, then at a meeting of residents a decision is made to contact a specialized organization.

Contact the management company

An effective way out of the situation is the mediation of the Management Company. The management company enters into an agreement with a specialized organization to provide containers for a certain amount of time (several hours or a day), which are displayed in the yards. Once the containers are filled, a vehicle equipped to safely transport construction waste arrives.

Using containers for construction waste

You cannot throw KGM into ordinary tanks. There are special models for this. They can be of different capacities:

8 cubes with a load capacity of 5 tons. Compact. They are usually made of iron, so they are not afraid of mechanical damage. Used for construction residues in small quantities.
20 cubes with a load capacity of 20 tons. Used for heavy, bulky waste. There may be a gate at the back. Serviced by equipment with a multi-lift.
27 cubes with a load capacity of 20 tons. Designed for voluminous, but not too heavy trash. Such bunkers are characterized by high sides and are installed near buildings where renovations are being carried out or on construction sites.

For domestic conditions and cosmetic repairs, plastic containers are more suitable. Iron tanks are massive and heavy. They are usually installed on construction sites where the volumes of residues are quite large.

Bulky waste

An equally common occurrence is the formation of bulky waste. The owner of the apartment also deals with issues of transportation for disposal.

This category includes:

old or broken furniture;
Appliances;
dismantled window frames, doors;
toilet, sink and bathtub.

Important : it is strictly forbidden to display this type of litter near the stairwell or solid waste containers. The exception is the presence of special containers or a fenced area.

Packing construction waste before removal

Often, if it is necessary to remove leftover materials after renovation, residents turn to specialized companies. But first, all the trash must be packed. This will facilitate the loading process and prevent accidental spread of residues throughout the area. Bags are usually used for packaging:

made of fabric: suitable for any leftovers. But, if the litter has sharp edges, it is better to abandon fabric bags, their integrity may be damaged;
made of polyethylene: budget and the simplest option, recommended for light waste - scraps of wallpaper, estimates (cement dust, crumbs). But they are also unsuitable for waste with sharp corners and cannot withstand heavy weight;
made of polypropylene: durable material is not afraid of high loads, it is used for packaging pipe scraps, concrete debris, pieces of reinforcement;
window frames, door frames, old plumbing fixtures are allowed to be taken out without packaging.

Residents of apartment buildings need to take care of the cleanliness of the entrance when removing garbage. It is advisable to lay thick polyethylene or cardboard in the freight elevator or on the stairs (if there is no freight elevator). Leaving repair remains near the house for a long time is fraught with conflict with housing and communal services and neighbors. Therefore, it is advisable to remove it as quickly as possible. It’s easier for owners of private houses. You don’t have to worry about sorting and packaging, since you can load bulk waste directly from the ground.

On average, after renovating an apartment with an area of 50 square meters. meters, 150 bags of garbage are generated.

How to properly pack waste

There is an agreement with the organization on garbage removal - great, but you need to take care in advance about the convenience of transportation. All trash must be packed out.

Several ways to do this:

Carton boxes . You can get them at any store. Ideal for transporting wallpaper, plaster residues, as well as bulky waste.
Shopping fabric bags . Sold in hardware stores. Advantage: they can be used several times.
Polypropylene bags . Ideal for heavy residues, because... These bags can withstand heavy loads. Suitable for transporting floor tiles, wallpaper scraps, laminate trims, skirting boards, etc.

Where to go to remove leftovers after repairs

Where residents of apartment buildings should go depends on the policy of the organization serving the building. When concluding an agreement with a specialized company that has a license, bunkers for CGO will be installed in the local area. They are released as they are filled or in accordance with the schedule - once a week. If such an agreement has not been concluded by the management company, the tenant must personally take care of the delivery of waste to the disposal site. He can do this himself or with the help of a specialized service that delivers waste to landfills.

Owners of individual housing, in accordance with existing sanitary standards, must independently remove garbage. But they can enter into an agreement for removal and disposal with commercial organizations. If a private person carries out the removal personally, the costs incurred will not be compensated. Private owners have one advantage: they can organize long-term waste storage on their own site. But they must be under a roof. Bags left outdoors lose strength over time.

What does the legislation say about garbage?

In accordance with Federal Law No. 99-FZ of May 4, 2011 “On licensing of certain types of activities ,” all activities related to the collection, transportation, disposal, and processing of construction waste of hazard classes 1-4 are licensed . The license must specify what hazard class waste the contractor has the right to work with. Only those organizations that meet a number of requirements have the right to receive such a license:

Availability of buildings and structures necessary for the performance of the declared work, as well as facilities for the neutralization and disposal of construction waste of hazard classes 1-4.
Availability of equipment and installations necessary to carry out the work stated in the license
The personnel have the necessary professional training, confirmed by valid certificates for the right to work with waste of hazard classes 1-4.

Currently, the removal, processing and disposal of waste is carried out in accordance with the garbage reform, which has been operating in a number of Russian regions since 2022. In accordance with this program, large operating companies that have received a license for this type of activity are responsible for the removal, storage, and processing of waste. Operating companies take on the responsibility of monitoring the full cycle of waste management: removal, burial or recycling.

In accordance with the “Waste Reform” Law, Moscow, St. Petersburg and Sevastopol (federal cities) must switch to the proposed waste management procedure by January 1, 2022. An agreement on the organization of activities for the management of municipal solid waste in Moscow was concluded with the State Unitary Enterprise "Ekotekhprom" for a period until 2029.