It is this chemical called “nicotine” that makes tobacco products so addictive. As soon as nicotine enters the body, a person begins to develop addiction. Consumption of cigarettes and other forms of tobacco containing nicotine, such as cigarillos, cigars, and chewing tobacco, is addictive.
Nicotine occurs naturally in tobacco leaves and is therefore found in tobacco products such as cigarettes. When a person smokes, nicotine is absorbed by the lungs and then passes through the bloodstream before reaching the brain and other organs of the body.
Once inhaled, nicotine can reach the brain in as little as 10 seconds.
This causes several reactions in the body:
- Pulse and blood pressure increase.
- Blood vessels constrict, causing the temperature in the arms and legs to drop.
- Brain waves change and muscles relax.
When new smokers get nicotine into their system, they may cough, feel dizzy, and have a dry, itchy throat. Other possible effects are nausea, weakness, abdominal cramps, headache, cough or vomiting. These symptoms may improve with nicotine addiction.
After 8 hours, the kidneys begin to filter nicotine and remove it from the body. On average, this process takes up to 24 hours. Then it is possible to determine tobacco consumption only by the presence of metabolites of this substance. Pure nicotine remains in the urine for a day or a little longer and cannot be detected later.
This substance completely disappears from the blood after 8 hours, unless there is a new dose.
Smoking allows nicotine to be delivered to the brain very quickly, leading to addiction.
A substance that a person has smoked or inhaled always reaches the brain faster than when injected. When the substance enters the lungs, it enters directly into the blood at the level of the pulmonary alveoli. Between inhalation of smoke and the arrival of nicotine in the brain, approximately 9 to 19 seconds pass.
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For smokers, after the initial "peak", the concentration of nicotine in the blood will continue to increase until the cigarette ends (approximately 5-7 minutes). Then the concentration drops quickly: after an hour it will decrease by half; after two hours, only a quarter of the original peak will remain in the blood.
The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of nicotine make it an “ideal” psychoactive substance. Because the half-life of nicotine is relatively short (2 to 3 hours), little of the substance remains in the blood when a smoker wakes up. The pharmacokinetic profile of nicotine explains that smokers must smoke regularly to maintain relatively constant nicotine levels.
The rate at which nicotine is absorbed and eliminated varies greatly from person to person.
Other ways of consuming nicotine do not allow it to reach the brain as quickly. In particular, nicotine substitutes are absorbed much more slowly and do not have the positive reinforcing effects of smoking nicotine.
Content:
- Metabolism of a substance
- Blood analysis
- Analysis of urine
- Factors influencing the time of removal of nicotine from the body 4.1. Medicines that change the rate of elimination of tobacco products
- How to speed up the elimination of nicotine from the body
When smoking, some of the nicotine is retained in the blood and tissues. It is thanks to this that doctors can conduct tests and determine whether the patient smokes or not. During such tests, various biological fluids are used - urine, blood, saliva. Sometimes doctors take samples of hair and even nails for examination. Let's consider what time it takes to completely remove nicotine from the body and how you can influence this process.
How to use a pharmacy drug test
You can find drugs in urine yourself using a pharmacy test. Using the rapid test is quite simple: the application algorithm is similar to drug tests. Dip the test strip into your urine and wait for the result. If two stripes appear on an object, it means that the human body contains a narcotic substance. The price of the test remains affordable for anyone.
Metabolism of a substance
When smoking, approximately 10% of the nicotine contained in a tobacco product is absorbed into the systemic circulation. An interesting fact is that the compound penetrates not only through the lungs, but also through the skin and mucous membranes. Therefore, you don’t need to think that only cigarettes are harmful. Snuff and chewing tobacco also cause significant damage to health.
Exactly how much of the toxic component lingers in the smoker’s body directly depends on:
- type and quality of tobacco products used;
- presence of a cigarette filter;
- method of introducing the component.
It has been established that when using snuff and breathing tobacco, the absorption of harmful substances is much higher than with standard smoking. Approximately 2 hours after smoking a cigarette, half of the nicotine “evaporates.” This suggests that the half-life of the named component is 2 hours. During this time period, the alkaloid stops influencing the functioning of the nervous system - the relaxation effect goes away, and the desire to smoke again arises.
The liver is responsible for the metabolism of smoking carcinogens. It processes and neutralizes them. As a result, about twenty different nicotine metabolites can be counted in liver cells. And each of them is harmful to health.
Cotinine remains the longest of all breakdown products . That is why almost all modern smoking tests are aimed at determining it. In order for it to be completely eliminated, two weeks must pass between smoking the last cigarette and the day of the test. But, if a person does not smoke on a regular basis, but only occasionally, then already four days after smoking a cigarette, not a single test will be able to detect cotinine in biological media.
In the nail plate and hair, decay products linger for a very long time. But narcologists rarely use these samples in their work. This is due to the high cost of such research.
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Determination of heroin in urine
With a single use of heroin, the drug, like other representatives of the opiate group, can be detected in the urine after four days. Regular use can detect this substance even a week after the last dose.
Methadone remains in the urine for the longest time: this is associated with the destructive power of the substance. The intensity of the damage and toxicity of this drug is amazing: this feature is easy to discern in tests. It remains in urine for about 8 days after the first dose; systematic use means 3-4 weeks.
Psychoactive substances in urine
The pharmacy test is not able to detect such complex substances as screw, codeine and tropicamide in urine. In such cases, more complex and comprehensive studies are prescribed. Often, test results are ready within a few hours.
HTI test
Chemical and toxicological studies are carried out using express strips in branches of drug treatment clinics. To undergo the test, you will be given a container for collecting urine (about 50 ml). The person is sent to a special room where it is impossible to falsify the results. Before the procedure, the patient reads the regulations and consents to the processing of confidential information.
Factors influencing the time it takes for nicotine to be eliminated from the body
From the above information it becomes clear that:
- cotinine is detectable within two weeks;
- Nicotine can be detected on the first day after smoking.
But these terms can change - increase or, conversely, decrease. Exactly how long the period of nicotine removal from the body will be depends on:
smoking frequency;- quality of tobacco products;
- number of cigarettes smoked per day;
- strength of the tobacco product;
- method of using tobacco;
- age and health status of the person;
- genetic and racial characteristics;
- functioning of the kidneys and liver.
It has been noticed that in people over 60-65 years of age, cleansing occurs more slowly. The same can be said for patients with severe kidney disease, liver disease, blacks and Asians. The female body is freed from smoking poisons faster than the male body.
Nicotine leaves the human body through:
- lungs;
- saliva;
- urine;
- skin.
The main burden during its neutralization and “disposal” falls on the kidneys. They have to transform waste products so that they can penetrate into urine. Very often, in case of kidney diseases, trace residues of alkaloids are found unchanged in the urine.
It also happens that smokers turn out to be children who have just recently been born. This is possible if a breastfeeding woman smokes. Then the toxic component, along with the milk, penetrates into the children's bloodstream . It turns out that the mother is poisoning not only herself, but also the newborn.
Medicines that change the rate of elimination of tobacco products
If a smoker takes certain medications, his metabolic rate may change. Thus, “Rifampicin” and “Phenobarbital” accelerate the elimination of the tobacco component, while “Ketoconazole” and “Amplodipine”, on the contrary, reduce it. People who smoke should take this into account so as not to harm their health even more.
What happens to drinking in the human body?
Conventionally, all processes associated with alcohol after its consumption can be divided into three successive stages:
- Suction.
Ethanol breaks down and penetrates the blood, reaching the internal organs. - Selection.
Alcohol breakdown products end up in almost all metabolites. They can be found in saliva, blood, urine, and exhaled air. - Oxidation.
Most of the alcohol leaves the body in urine. The residues penetrate into the reproductive and nervous systems and are deposited there for some time.
The more often an addict drinks, the stronger the toxic attack on internal organs and the central nervous system.
. Over time, the body does not have time to cleanse itself efficiently and completely. Then chronic intoxication develops, fraught with serious health complications.
How to speed up the elimination of nicotine from the body
There are ways to help you get rid of nicotine metabolites faster. Among them:
- Drinking large amounts of liquid. Regular drinking water, vegetable and fruit juices are suitable. You can also use decoctions of medicinal herbs that exhibit diuretic properties.
- Visiting the sauna, bathhouse. During paired procedures, many harmful compounds are eliminated along with sweat, including those released during smoking. If you are not prone to arterial hypertension, you can also take a hot bath.
- Increasing your level of physical activity. If you start running, jumping, walking quickly, the speed of metabolic processes will increase and sweating will increase. This will create the conditions for a more active detox.
- Taking medications that normalize the functioning of the kidneys and liver. In the presence of acute and chronic diseases of these organs, toxic compounds are neutralized more slowly.
You should not try to hide the fact of smoking before undergoing medical tests. It is much wiser to give up cigarettes forever. If you can’t do this on your own, you should seek help from doctors at a drug treatment clinic. They will create an effective therapeutic program that will definitely help.
What determines the speed of urine purification?
Drinkers often wonder why the duration of urine cleansing differs so much from person to person. This phenomenon is explained by the following factors:
- The quality of the alcohol consumed.
Of particular danger are technical alcohol-containing liquids, which are used by some alcoholics due to the lack of real “intoxicants”. This alternative is moving towards a meeting with death. - Volume.
The larger it is, the more severe the intoxication. 100 ml are excreted many times faster than 200 or 500. - The degree of the drink taken.
Concealing the fact of taking low-alcohol compounds is always easier than drinking cognac or vodka. - Physiological characteristics of the patient.
This refers to age, gender, body weight, and the presence of concomitant chronic diseases. Much also depends on diseases that prevent normal urination - if they exist, natural detoxification reactions are inhibited.
Literature:
- Tobacco smoking: harm, ways to quit [Electronic resource] / Ovchinnikov B.V., Dyakonov I.F., Zobnev V.M., Dyakonova T.I.; under general ed. V. K. Shamrey. – St. Petersburg: SpetsLit, 2012. – 45 p.
- Chemistry of tobacco and shag / A. A. Shmuk, full member of the All. acad. agricultural Sciences named after V.I. Lenin. - Moscow ; Leningrad: Pishchepromizdat, 1938 (M.: 11 type. MOOMP). – 544 p.
- Organic chemistry: textbook. aid for students of education. institutions prof. education / L. M. Pustovalova. - Rostov n/d: Phoenix, 2005 (JSC Book). – 317 p.
What is nicotine and why is it dangerous?
This is a strong poisonous component of cigarette smoke. It is considered an alkaloid and is of plant origin. In its pure form, it is an oily liquid whose color is difficult to describe.
Nicotine in cigarettes is addictive, so many smokers cannot quit the bad habit on their own and resort to various medications.
The craving for tobacco is strong. With a long history of smoking, a person cannot quit the habit, as he experiences an emotional uplift when he receives the next dose, which is associated with an increase in the concentration of the joy hormone. As a result, the blood vessels in the brain dilate, the pressure decreases, and the person experiences a surge of strength.
Nicotine addiction is equated to a drug addiction. After just one cigarette, a habit can form. Many smokers experience the following symptoms when they lack nicotine:
- nervousness;
- feelings of fear;
- malaise;
- headache;
- uncomfortable sensations.
All of them indicate the so-called nicotine withdrawal, or abstinence. Because of this, there are difficulties in giving up cigarettes. However, the habit only worsens your health over the years, so you need to fight it.
Impact on pressure or consequences
Most believe that the carcinogens and hazardous materials in a cigarette come from other compounds and chemicals; nicotine itself is no less dangerous.
There are many health effects of nicotine:
- High blood pressure;
- Increased heart rate immediately after smoking;
- High risk of heart disease;
A tobacco smoker suspects harm to the lungs, but not everyone knows how quickly blood vessels become contaminated. How long will it take for the coronary arteries, which supply the life of the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients, to be 100% clogged?
When this happens, a heart attack occurs. The part of the heart muscle that receives oxygen from a particular coronary artery suffocates and dies.
Vessels supply blood to both the heart and brain. Damage is caused to every vessel associated with hearing and the blood supply to the skin. Wrinkles, hair loss, and loss of teeth appear.
